Main Menu:



Legacy:
Fascist ideals influenced governments around the world
“The term fascist was first applied to a political movement combining ultranationalism with hostility both to the left
and to established conservatism by Mussolini in 1919.” Kevin Passmore1
“While Mussolini set out to create a totalitarian society…
meanwhile significant fascist movements emerged in many other European countries and in Brazil.” Kevin Passmore2


“The word ‘totalitarianism’ was invented by Italian Fascists to encapsulate their drive to nationalize
the Italian masses.” Kevin Passmore3


“One of the Problems in countries like Spain, France, and Italy has been the fact that not only has the law not been
used to prevent fascist political activity but that Fascists, or their sympathizers are present in the ranks of the police
and intelligence services. Their activities explain the fact that even in a democracy the law can operate in a
way that is ‘blind in the right eye’” Geoffrey Harris4

Italy Current
“Using political criteria to award jobs in the public service had undoubtedly been a feature of Fascist life and
part of the regimes effort to obtain greater “consensus” but the democratic parties especially those which for 50
years constituted the succession of coalition governments, behaved in exactly the same way, denying to communists
both jobs and promotion.”R.J.B. Bosworth5


“Neo-fascists whether members of the NA or its friends, found positions in the heart of the state blocking
even the most timid movement to the left.” R.J.B. Bosworth6

Italy Then

“The Labor Charter found interpreters and attracted the attention of the studious in every part of the world. It became
a formidable pillar of the new constitution of the Fascist state.”Benito Mussolini7

“In 1923…I insisted on the ratification of the law for an eight-hour work day.”Benito Mussolini8

“The school problem…has finally found its solution in the Gentile Reform…” Benito Mussolini9

Spain
“In 1963, in Madrid, I met the then 71-year-old Francisco Franco, who had never forgotten his rise to power in 1939
thanks to my father’s and Hitler’s support.” Romano Mussolini10

France
“His proves a Manichean struggle, with the rational universalistic Enlightments tradition, underpinning liberal
democracy, under assault by the counter-tradition that took cultural form by the end of the 19th cen and eventually led to fascism.” David D. Roberts11

Britain
“Britain was not free from tension either. Althought the country as on the winning side in the Great War, the empire was
threatened by insurgent nationalism.” Kevin Passmore12

Yugoslavia
“He believes that the liquidation of Stoyadinovich is a real coup d’etat on the part of the Regent,
who sought to thwart the strengthening of the Fascist dictatorship in Yugoslavia.” Galeazzo Ciano13

Europe
“The Duce is very happy about Franco’s decision to join the anti-Comintern pact. The event is of great importance
and its influence shall be felt in all future European happenings. Those silly people…will one day
understand…the foundations were laid for the Roman Mediterranean Empire.” Galeazzo Ciano14

Actions

Italy Under Mussolini

“On the occasion of a visit by the delegations of the Fascist university groups, I had the opportunity of declaring that the
Gentile Reform ‘is the most revolutionary of all the reforms which we have voted on, because it has completely transformed a
state of affairs which has lasted since 1859.’” Benito Mussolini15

“I have willed that in collaboration with the universities departments of Fascist economics of corporative law, and a whole series
of fruitful institutions of Fascists culture, should be created. Thus a purely scholastic and academic world is being permeated by
fascism, which is creating a new culture through the complex activity of real, of theoretical, and of spiritual experiences.”
Benito Mussolini16

“To-day with the highest loyalty, Fascism understands and values the church and its strength: such as the duty of every catholic citizen.”
Benito Mussolini17

Footnotes:
1 Kevin Passmore, Fascism: A Very Short Introduction New York: Oxford University Press, 2002, pg 10.
2(Passmore, pg 10)
3(Passmore, pg 18)
4 Geoffrey Harris, The Dark Side of Europe: The Extreme Right Today Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1994, pg 209.
5 R.J.B. Bosworth, Italian Fascism:History, Memory, and RepresentationNew York: New York, 1999, pg 145.
6(Bosworth, pg 155)
7 Benito Mussolini, My Autobiography New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1938, pg 280.
8 (B. Mussolini, pg 278)
9 (B. Mussolini, pg 285)
10 Romano Mussolini, My Father IL Duce Carlsbad: Kales Press, 2006, pg 5.
11 David D. Roberts, Historicism and Fascism in Modern Italy Buffalo: University of Toronto Press, 2007, pg 178.
12 (Passmore, pg 75)
13 Gaetano Salvemini, Italian Fascism London: Victory Gollancz LTD, 1938, pg 186.
14 (Salvemini, pg 192)
15 Benito Mussolini, My Rise And Fall New York: Da Capo Press, 1998, pg 288.
16 (B. Mussolini, pg 288)
17 (B. Mussolini, pg 307)