Legacy: Fascist ideals influenced governments around the world “The term fascist was first applied to a political movement combining ultranationalism with hostility both to the left and to established conservatism by Mussolini in 1919.” Kevin Passmore1 “While Mussolini set out to create a totalitarian society… meanwhile significant fascist movements emerged in many other European countries and in Brazil.” Kevin Passmore2
Italy Current
Italy Then
“The Labor Charter found interpreters and attracted the attention of the studious in every part of the world. It became “In 1923…I insisted on the ratification of the law for an eight-hour work day.”Benito Mussolini8 “The school problem…has finally found its solution in the Gentile Reform…” Benito Mussolini9 Spain
France
Britain
Yugoslavia
Europe
Actions
“I have willed that in collaboration with the universities departments of Fascist economics of corporative law, and a whole series
“To-day with the highest loyalty, Fascism understands and values the church and its strength: such as the duty of every catholic citizen.”
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Footnotes:
1 Kevin Passmore, Fascism: A Very Short Introduction New York: Oxford University Press, 2002, pg 10.
2(Passmore, pg 10)
3(Passmore, pg 18)
4 Geoffrey Harris, The Dark Side of Europe: The Extreme Right Today Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1994, pg 209.
5 R.J.B. Bosworth, Italian Fascism:History, Memory, and RepresentationNew York: New York, 1999, pg 145.
6(Bosworth, pg 155)
7 Benito Mussolini, My Autobiography New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1938, pg 280.
8 (B. Mussolini, pg 278)
9 (B. Mussolini, pg 285)
10 Romano Mussolini, My Father IL Duce Carlsbad: Kales Press, 2006, pg 5.
11 David D. Roberts, Historicism and Fascism in Modern Italy Buffalo: University of Toronto Press, 2007, pg 178.
12 (Passmore, pg 75)
13 Gaetano Salvemini, Italian Fascism London: Victory Gollancz LTD, 1938, pg 186.
14 (Salvemini, pg 192)
15 Benito Mussolini, My Rise And Fall New York: Da Capo Press, 1998, pg 288.
16 (B. Mussolini, pg 288)
17 (B. Mussolini, pg 307)